Effects of a workplace-based exercise program on shoulder pain and function in fruit workers: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain affects millions of workers worldwide and is considered one of the leading causes of absenteeism and presenteeism. Therefore, using exercises in the work environment emerges as a strategy to prevent or reduce shoulder pain. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a workplace-based exercise program on shoulder pain and function in fruit workers. METHODS: This was an 8-week parallel two-arm randomized controlled trial. Forty-four fruit workers who reported chronic shoulder pain were randomized to an Experimental Group (EG) or Control Group (CG). The EG was submitted to a program of resistance and stretching exercises for eight weeks, twice a week. The CG received a booklet with muscle stretching and mobility exercises. The primary outcome was shoulder pain intensity; the secondary outcomes were Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and perceived global effect. RESULTS: Both groups showed reductions in pain intensity EG: 4.26 (95% CI 2.78-5.74) and CG: 3.74 (95% CI 1.98-5.50) points. The SPADI results showed an average reduction of 17.76 (CI 95% 3.10-32.43) for the EG and 18.39 (CI 95% 3.66-33.13) for the CG. The mean value of the perceived global effect for the CG was 3.45±2.01, and for the EG, the mean was 4.13±1.24. No differences were observed between groups in any outcome analyzed. CONCLUSION: Both groups showed significant changes in the analyzed outcomes. However, the workplace-based exercise program was not superior to the exercise booklet.

Treinamento de força com e sem instabilidade não melhora os níveis gerais de capacidade intrínseca em idosos com queixas cognitivas / Resistance training with and without instability does not improve overall levels of intrinsic capacity in older adults with cognitive complaints

INTRODUÇÃO: Capacidade intrínseca (CI) é um construto que engloba capacidades físicas e mentais para o autocuidado e envelhecimento saudável. A compreensão do papel potencial do treinamento resistido, com e sem instabilidade, para promover o CI precisa ser esclarecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento de força sobre os níveis de capacidade intrínseca em idosos com queixas cognitivas. MÉTODOS: Idosos com queixas cognitivas (n=67) foram aleatoriamente designados para 12 semanas de TF tradicional (n=23), TF com dispositivos de instabilidade (TFI) (n=22) ou controle (n=22). Ambos os grupos de treinamento realizaram três séries de 10- 15 repetições. O grupo TFI realizou exercícios utilizando dispositivos de instabilidade. O grupo controle recebeu aulas semanais de educação em saúde. Os domínios da CI foram de mobilidade e velocidade da marcha (locomotora), função global e executiva (cognitivo), força de preensão e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (vitalidade), e sintomas depressivos e autoeficácia (psicológicos) por meio de escores-z compostos. Calculamos os níveis globais de CI pela soma de cada pontuação composta. RESULTADOS: Diferença significativa intragrupo nos níveis gerais de CI (∆TFI = +1.69, ∆TF = +1.30) e seus respectivos domínios (Locomoção: ∆TFI = +2.32, ∆TF = +3.21; Cognição: ∆TFI = +2.31; Vitalidade: ∆TFI = +1.23, ∆TF = +1.42; e Psicológico: ∆TFI = -0.65, ∆TF = -0.62). Contudo, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Análise de sensibilidade mesclando os grupos de treinamento revelou diferença significativa para o domínio locomotor após 12 semanas (+1.97, p=0.045). CONCLUSÃO: Treinamento de força com e sem dispositivos de instabilidade não melhorou os níveis de CI em idosos com queixas cognitivas.

INTRODUCTION: Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a construct that encompasses physical and mental capacities important for self-care and healthy aging. Understanding the potential role of resistance training with and without instability to promote IC needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of resistance training on intrinsic capacity levels in older adults with cognitive complaints. METHODS: Older adults with cognitive complaints (n=67) were randomly assigned to either 12 weeks of traditional RE (n=23), RE with instability devices (REI) (n=22), or control (n=22). Both training groups performed three sets of 10-15 repetitions. REI group performed each exercise using instability devices. The control group received weekly health education classes. IC domains were analyzed using mobility and gait velocity (locomotor), global and executive functioning (cognitive), grip strength and six-minute walking test (vitality), and depressive symptoms and self-efficacy (psychological) through z-composite scores. We computed global levels of IC by the sum of each composite score. RESULTS: A significant within-group difference (improvement) in overall levels of IC (∆REI = +1.69, ∆RE = +1.30) and all their domains (Locomotion: ∆REI = +2.32, ∆RE = +3.21; Cognition: ∆REI = +2.31; Vitality: ∆REI = +1.23, ∆RE = +1.42; and Psychological: ∆REI = -0.65, ∆RE = -0.62). However, no between-group differences were observed at the completion of the trial. Sensitivity analysis merging training groups revealed a between-group difference for the locomotor domain (+1.97, p=0.045). CONCLUSION: Resistance training with and without instability devices did not improve IC levels among older adults with cognitive complaints.

Trends in consuming alcoholic beverages among adolescents and young adults of school age: sexes differences

Abstract Objective: To analyze the tendency of alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents and young adults at school age according to their sexes. Methods: This is a trend research study in public schools of the municipality of Petrolina, between 2014 and 2016, with 3146 students aged between 12 and 24 years old. The instrument was constituted by socio-economic inquiry and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Trends were assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended approach. The analyses were conducted using logistic regression, with a statistical significance of 0.05. Results: Close to 56% of the adolescents had already tried some alcoholic beverage, most of which had contact after 13 years of age. The prevalence of binge drinking ranged between 17% and 25%. The percentage of girls who tried alcohol before 13 years old remained similar over the three years (p = 0.943). The prevalence of this behavior was stabilized at around 20%. There was a trend to decrease in the prevalence of boys who reported having tried alcohol before 13 years old (p = 0.014). The percentage of boys who reported involvement in binge drinking in the past 30 days remained stable at around 20% over the years (p = 0.951 ). The girls' data revealed a significant decrease in binge drinking (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The general analysis suggests a trend towards stabilization of consumption among boys, and an increase among girls.

Variations in Postmenopausal Body Composition: A Cross-Sectional Comparison between Physical Activity Practitioners and Sedentary Individuals.

Physical activity is broadly recognized for promoting weight reduction and bestowing numerous health benefits. Nonetheless, robust evidence concerning the impact of physical activity on postmenopausal women, undergoing physiological shifts, remains scant. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between physical activity and body composition among postmenopausal women. Employing a cross-sectional and retrospective design, 702 women were examined. Data on physical activity and body composition were amassed through anthropometric assessments and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). A significant proportion of women exhibited anthropometric alterations indicative of overweight/obesity, alongside elevated values in Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Waist-to-Height, and bone mass, signifying a heightened risk for disease onset. While a majority engaged in some form of physical activity, this did not yield notable reductions in the assessed metrics. Noteworthy changes were only discerned in BMI and bone mass among pre-menopausal women; whereas among postmenopausal women, in addition to disparities in bone mass, those inactive were 1.18 times more prone to a very high disease risk, as gauged by WC.

Reliability of shoulder rotation movement measured by the smartphone clinometer application / Confiabilidade da medida de movimento de rotação do ombro mensurada pelo aplicativo clinômetro para smartphone

Goniometry is widely used to measure range of motion (ROM), but requires skill and training. In this sense, smartphone apps appear as an alternative. The objective was to assess the reliability and validity of shoulder rotation measurements using a smartphone clinometer app. This study approved by Ethical and Research Committee of the University of Pernambuco. Thirty six (36) healthy and physically active adolescents and young adults participated in the study. In the measurement each volunteer performed external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation of the shoulder in the supine and side lying positions. The shoulder rotation ROM was measured by a goniometer and an application. ER and IR were measured in two days by two evaluators. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC). Validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Both devices had excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability levels in most evaluations. However, the goniometer showed moderate inter-examiner reliability in measuring the internal rotation performed in the lying position (ICC 0.61 to 0.67). The app showed inter-examiner reliability ranging from fair to moderate for the same measurements (ICC 0.35 to 0.61). Significant differences were observed between the values recorded by the two instruments for all measurements performed (p <0.001). A strong correlation was observed between measurements in the supine and side lying positions with the goniometer and a smartphone clinometer app (r> 0.85). The application presented excellent reliability levels as well as demonstrated a high correlation with the goniometer. However, the assessment of IR lying down position should be avoided. (AU)

A goniometria é muito usada para medir a amplitude de movimento (ADM), mas requer habilidade e treinamento. Nesse sentido, os aplicativos para smartphones aparecem como uma alternativa. O objetivo foi avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade das medidas de rotação do ombro usando um aplicativo clinômetro de smartphone. Este estudo foi provado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade de Pernambuco. Participaram do estudo trinta e seis (36) adolescentes e adultos jovens, saudáveis e fisicamente ativos. Na intervenção, cada voluntário realizou rotação externa (RE) e interna (RI) do ombro nas posições em supino e decúbito lateral. A ADM de rotação do ombro foi medida por um goniômetro e um aplicativo. RE e RI foram medidas em dois dias por dois avaliadores. A confiabilidade foi determinada usando coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), erro padrão de medição (EPM) e mudança mínima detectável (MMD). A validade foi avaliada usando os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson. Ambos os dispositivos apresentaram excelentes níveis de confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores na maioria das avaliações. No entanto, o goniômetro apresentou confiabilidade interexaminadores moderada na medição da rotação interna realizada na posição deitada (ICC 0,61 a 0,67). O aplicativo mostrou confiabilidade interexaminadores variando de ruim a moderada para as mesmas medidas (ICC 0,35 a 0,61). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os valores registrados pelos dois instrumentos para todas as medidas realizadas (p <0,001). Uma forte correlação foi observada entre as medidas nas posições supina e deitada de lado com o goniômetro e o aplicativo clinômetro para smartphone (r> 0,85). O aplicativo apresentou excelentes níveis de confiabilidade, bem como demonstrou uma alta correlação com o goniômetro. No entanto, a avaliação da RI na posição deitada deve ser evitada. (AU)

Associação entre preocupação com quedas e sintomas depressivos em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo: um estudo transversal / Association between concern about falling and depression symptoms in cognitively impaired older adults: a cross-sectional study

Preocupações com quedas e sintomatologia depressiva são fatores de risco de queda bem conhecidos em idosos. No entanto, se ambos os fatores estão inter-relacionados, não está totalmente elucidado entre os indivíduos com problemas cognitivos. Para iluminar este campo, analisamos a associação entre a preocupação com quedas e sintomas depressivos em idosos com déficits cognitivos. Este estudo transversal foi composto por 67 idosos da comunidade, com deficiência cognitiva (idade: 71 ± 5 anos; sexo: 78% feminino). Avaliamos suas preocupações sobre quedas (independentes) e sintomas de depressão (desfecho) usando a Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FESI) e a versão curta da Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), respectivamente. As covariáveis incluíram idade, sexo, escolaridade, histórico de quedas, função física (Short-Physical Performance Battery) e função cognitiva (versão brasileira do Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Modelos de regressão linear foram realizados para examinar a relação independente entre os escores FESI e GDS. Todas as análises foram calculadas usando o STATA e a significância foi estabelecida em P <0,05. Os participantes com sintomas depressivos mais elevados (GDS ≥ 5 pontos) apresentaram uma pontuação significativamente menor no FESI (diferença média: -5,3 pontos; IC 95% = -9,9 a -0,7; p = 0,02). O modelo de regressão mostrou associação entre FESI e GDS-15 após ajuste para fatores de confusão (ß = 0,08; IC 95% = 0,02; 0,14), sugerindo que maiores preocupações com quedas estão associadas a maiores sintomas depressivos. A preocupação com quedas está associada a sintomas depressivos entre idosos com comprometimento cognitivo, independentemente da função física geral, cognição global e histórico de quedas.

Concerns about falling and depressive symptomatology are well-known fall-risk factors in older people. However, whether both factors are inter-related it is not fully elucidated among individuals with cognitive issues. To shed light in this field, we analyzed the association between the concerns about falling and depressive symptoms in older adults with cognitive impairments. This cross-sectional study was composed of 67 community-dwelling cognitively impaired older adults(age: 71±5 years; sex: 78% female). We assessed their concerns about falling (independent) and depression symptoms (outcome) using the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FESI) and the short-version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), respectively. Covariates included age, sex, education, fall history, physical (Short-Physical Performance Battery), and cognitive function (Brazilian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Linear regression models were performed in order to examine the independent relationship between FESI and GDS scores. All analyses were computed using STATA and significance was set at P<0.05. Participants with higher depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5 points) showed a significantly poor score on FESI (Mean difference: -5.3 points; 95%CI = -9.9 to -0.7; p=0.02). The regression model showed an association between the FESI and GDS-15 after adjustment for confounders (ß=0.08; 95% CI= 0.02; 0.14), suggesting that higher concerns about falling are associated with higher depressive symptoms. Concerns about falling are associated with depressive symptoms among cognitively impaired older adults independently of overall physical function, global cognition, and fall history.

Association between physical functioning with cognition among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study / Associação entre função física e cognição em idosos da comunidade: estudo transversal

OBJECTIVE: Declines in physical and cognitive functioning often co-exist through aging. Gait-related parameters have been related to cognitive function, although it is unclear whether other measures of physical functioning are similarly related to cognition. Here, we analyzed the relationship between physical functioning with cognition in older adults. METHODS: In total, baseline data of 116 dementia-free older adults recruited from two separated clinical trials (RCT) were included (M age = 69 years, SD = 6; 71% women). We quantified cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and executive functioning tasks (Digit Span Forward minus Backward and verbal fluency ­ FAS and animal naming). Physical function measures included gait speed, Short-physical Performance Battery (SPPB), five-times Sit-to-Stand Test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT), and lower extremity muscle strength. We used multiple linear regression analyses to explore the association between cognitive measures and each measure of physical functioning, adjusting for age, sex, education, and RCT. Regression coeficients (b), standard error (SE) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to summarize main results. RESULTS: We observed a positive association between muscle strength and the MoCA (b = 0.84, SE = 0.40, 95%CI 0.05­1.64) after controlling for covariates. Significant associations were also found between the five-times-sit-to-stand test (b = -0.63, SE = 0.26, 95%CI -1.15­-0.12), TUG (b = -1.13, SE = 0.57, 95%CI -2.26­-0.01), 6MWT (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95%CI 0.01­0.07), and lower extremity muscle strength (b = 1.92, SE = 0.93, 95%CI 0.09­3.77) with the FAS verbal fluency test, and between the TUG (b = -0.62, SE = 0.24, 95%CI -1.11­-0.14) with animal naming. CONCLUSION: In community-dwelling older adults, higher levels of muscle strength, dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively related with global cognition and executive control measures.

Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students / Fatores associados ao uso atual de tabaco entre adolescentes e jovens escolares

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and its association with sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors among adolescents and young students, according to gender. Methods: The sample consisted of students from the state public school network aged between 12 and 24 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (v. 20.0), using Poisson regression to evaluate the prevalence ratio (PR) of the independent variables in relation to the outcome. p < 0.05 was established as the significance level. Results: The final analysis consisted of 1275 adolescents, of whom 716 (56.2%) were girls and 559 (43.8%) were boys. The prevalence of current tobacco use was 6.6% among girls and 9.7% among boys. In females, consuming alcohol in the last 30 days (3.91 [1.54-9.94]) and being 14 years old or younger (0.50 [0.26-0.96]) influenced current tobacco use. In the male gender, tobacco use in the last 30 days was influenced by current alcohol consumption (2.92 [1.21-7.08]) and involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months (2.32 [1.32-4.09]). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of current tobacco use was low in both genders, the assessed population still presents a risk, since male involvement in physical fighting and current consumption of alcohol in both genders increased the probability of this population becoming regular tobacco users.

Resumo Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de uso atual do tabaco e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de risco entre adolescentes e jovens escolares, segundo o sexo. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por estudantes da rede estadual entre 12 e 24 anos, que responderam a versão brasileira do questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS (versão 20.0), por meio da Regressão de Poisson para avaliar a Razão de Prevalência (RP) das variáveis independentes em relação ao desfecho. Foi adotado p < 0,05. Resultados: A análise final foi composta por 1.275 adolescentes, dos quais 716 (56,2%) eram meninas e 559 (43,8%) meninos. A prevalência de consumo atual do tabaco foi de 6,6% entre as meninas e 9,7% entre os meninos. No sexo feminino, consumir álcool nos últimos 30 dias (3,91 [1,54-9,94]) e ter 14 anos ou menos (0,50 [0,26-0,96]) influenciaram o uso atual de tabaco. No sexo masculino, o uso de tabaco nos últimos 30 dias foi influenciado pelo consumo atual de álcool (2,92 [1,21-7,08]) e envolvimento em luta corporal nos últimos 12 meses (2,32 [1,32-4,09]). Conclusão: Embora a prevalência de consumo atual do tabaco tenha sido baixa em ambos os sexos, a população estudada ainda exibe risco, pois o envolvimento em luta corporal no sexo masculino e o consumo atual de álcool em ambos os sexos aumentaram a probabilidade da população se envolver com uso atual do tabaco.

Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and its association with sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors among adolescents and young students, according to gender. METHODS: The sample consisted of students from the state public school network aged between 12 and 24 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (v. 20.0), using Poisson regression to evaluate the prevalence ratio (PR) of the independent variables in relation to the outcome. p<0.05 was established as the significance level. RESULTS: The final analysis consisted of 1275 adolescents, of whom 716 (56.2%) were girls and 559 (43.8%) were boys. The prevalence of current tobacco use was 6.6% among girls and 9.7% among boys. In females, consuming alcohol in the last 30 days (3.91 [1.54-9.94]) and being 14 years old or younger (0.50 [0.26-0.96]) influenced current tobacco use. In the male gender, tobacco use in the last 30 days was influenced by current alcohol consumption (2.92 [1.21-7.08]) and involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months (2.32 [1.32-4.09]). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of current tobacco use was low in both genders, the assessed population still presents a risk, since male involvement in physical fighting and current consumption of alcohol in both genders increased the probability of this population becoming regular tobacco users.

Does the stretching intensity matter when targeting a range of motion gains? a randomized trial

Abstract Aims: To verify the effects of flexibility training conducted at different intensities in young adults. Methods: Twenty-one (21) young adults of both genders with no history of surgery, fracture, and/or rheumatic diseases in the lower limbs and hip, were randomly assigned to low intensity (LI) or high intensity (HI) stretching groups. Two researchers were assigned to evaluate the active knee extension range of motion (ROM) of the volunteers and two other researchers were responsible for the training program. The training consisted of a single exercise for the hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus). Each session consisted of three repetitions of passive static stretching, maintained for the 60s each, with 30s interval between them, and performed three times a week for four weeks. The stretching intensity was based on the Numerical Verbal Scale, the LI group maintained the intensity between 1 and 2, while the HI group between 9 and 10. Three ROM evaluations were performed pre-intervention, after the 6th session and at the end of the 12th session. Results: No difference was observed between the groups that underwent either high- or low-intensity programs. Both groups achieved gains in flexibility after four weeks of training. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that both high- and low-intensity stretching exercises are effective for ROM and there were no differences between them. Therefore, the intensity can be defined by the preference of the therapist or patient.

Risky sexual behaviors and their association with overweight and obesity among adolescent students: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its association with overweight and obesity among adolescent students. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in public schools with adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. We used the questionnaire Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The body mass index percentiles were calculated by means of table from the Center for Control and Prevention of Diseases. Possible associations were assessed using the χ2 test and binary logistic regression model. The odds ratio and 95%CI were calculated. RESULTS: We evaluated 1,169 students, and 33.9% reported having had sexual intercourse. Of those, 33% did not use a condom during their last intercourse, and 32.7% had had four or more sexual partners thus far. Regarding nutritional status, 15.3% were overweight or obese. In relation to the non-use of condoms, we observed only an association with the number of lifetime sexual partners (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.28-0.88). The number of lifetime sexual partners was associated with males (OR: 9.17; 95%CI: 4.16-20.22), sexual debut age at 13 years or less (OR: 2.51; 95%CI: 1.23-5.13) and drinking alcohol or using drugs before the last intercourse (OR: 6.16; 95%CI: 2.14-17.73). CONCLUSION: Risky sexual behavior rates were high and no association was found between risky sexual behaviors and overweight and obesity.

Effects of Resistance Exercise with Instability on Neurocognitive Functions (REI STUDY): Study Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Aim: Resistance exercise (RE) is a widely accepted strategy to counteract the effects of aging and chronic diseases on health-related outcomes. Studies have been suggested that RE improves brain and cognitive health. RE with unstable devices (REI) is a neuromotor complexity strategy with the potential to improve strength, power, and balance in onder adults, however, their effects on neurocognitive function in individuals at risk of cognitive decline are poorly understood. Thus, we describe the REI study protocol, a randomized clinical trial design to assess the effects of 12-weeks of REI and RE on neurocognitive functions in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints. Methods: The sample will consist of individuals (aged 65 or older) with subjective cognitive complaints, who will be randomized in one of three experimental groups: control, RE or REI. Participants of the RE group will receive 12-weeks of progressive resistance training (seven exercises structured into 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, three times per week). Participants of the REI group will receive the same RE protocol performed on unstable devices that promote progressive instability. The control group received a health education program. The primary outcome is a composite score of neurocognitive functions. Secondary outcomes include each separately neurocognitive domain, functional performance, balance, falls-related parameters, cardiovascular and mood variables. The study results will provide information to design a future and larger preventive trial on populations at risk of cognitive decline and dementia, which is imperative in public health terms. Trial registration: Brazilian registry of clinical trials number RBR-4kqs22.(AU)

Risky sexual behaviors and their association with overweight and obesity among adolescent students: a cross-sectional study / Comportamentos sexuais de risco e associação com sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes escolares: um estudo transversal

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its association with overweight and obesity among adolescent students. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in public schools with adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. We used the questionnaire Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The body mass index percentiles were calculated by means of table from the Center for Control and Prevention of Diseases. Possible associations were assessed using the χ2 test and binary logistic regression model. The odds ratio and 95%CI were calculated. Results We evaluated 1,169 students, and 33.9% reported having had sexual intercourse. Of those, 33% did not use a condom during their last intercourse, and 32.7% had had four or more sexual partners thus far. Regarding nutritional status, 15.3% were overweight or obese. In relation to the non-use of condoms, we observed only an association with the number of lifetime sexual partners (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.28-0.88). The number of lifetime sexual partners was associated with males (OR: 9.17; 95%CI: 4.16-20.22), sexual debut age at 13 years or less (OR: 2.51; 95%CI: 1.23-5.13) and drinking alcohol or using drugs before the last intercourse (OR: 6.16; 95%CI: 2.14-17.73). Conclusion Risky sexual behavior rates were high and no association was found between risky sexual behaviors and overweight and obesity.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de comportamentos de risco e sua associação com sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes escolares. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado em escolas públicas com adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos. Foi utilizado o questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Os percentis do índice de massa corporal foram obtidos utilizando as tabelas do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Possíveis associações foram avaliadas usando o teste do χ2 e um modelo de regressão logística binária. Foram calculados os valores de odds ratio e o IC95%. Resultados Foram avaliados 1.169 estudantes, e 33,9% reportaram ter tido relação sexual. Desse grupo, 33% não utilizaram preservativo na última relação sexual, e 32,7% relataram ter tido quatro ou mais parceiros na vida. Considerando o estado nutricional, 15,3% apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade. Em relação ao não uso de preservativo, somente foi observada associação com o número de parceiros sexuais na vida (OR: 0,50; IC95%: 0,28-0,88). O número de parceiros sexuais na vida apresentou associação com o sexo masculino (OR: 9,17; IC95%: 4,16-20,22), idade da primeira relação sexual inferior a 13 anos (OR: 2,51; IC95%: 1,23-5,13) e uso de álcool ou drogas antes da última relação sexual (OR: 6,16; IC95%: 2,14-17,73). Conclusão As taxas de comportamento sexual de risco foram altas, e não foi observada sua associação com sobrepeso e obesidade.

Accuracy of single-breath counting test to determine slow vital capacity in hospitalized patients / Acurácia do teste de contagem em uma única respiração para determinar a capacidade vital lenta em pacientes hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the accuracy of the single-breath counting test to determine slow vital capacity in hospitalized patients and to evaluate the repeatability of the same examiner. Methods: a diagnostic study and the choice of techniques were randomly assigned. The area under the curve (receiver operating characteristic) was calculated from the slow vital capacity (20ml/kg) to evaluate the best psychometric characteristics of single-breath counting Test for this cutoff point. Repeatability observed by the same examiner was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Results: 516 patients hospitalized for various diseases were analyzed. In the curve analysis (receiver operating characteristic/slow vital capacity=20ml/Kg), the value of 21 in single-breath counting test with a sensitivity of 94.44% and specificity of 76.62% (area under the curve =0.93, p<0.005) was found. The intraclass correlation coefficient value for the single-breath counting test was 0.976 with p>0.005. Conclusion: the single-breath counting test was a valid and repetitive technique, and may be an important screening option for assessment of lung function in the absence of specific equipment. This technique opens perspectives to replace slow vital capacity measurement in hospitals, which lack spirometric equipment, or in patients who may have a contagious disease, which has a risk of contamination and spread of disease from one patient to another.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a acurácia do teste de contagem em uma única respiração para determinar a capacidade vital lenta em pacientes hospitalizados e avaliar sua repetibilidade entre o mesmo examinador. Métodos: estudo de diagnóstico em que a escolha das técnicas foi aleatoriamente atribuída. A área sob a curva (característica de operação do receptor) foi calculada a partir da capacidade vital lenta (20ml/kg) para avaliar as melhores características psicométricas do teste de contagem em uma única respiração para este ponto de corte. A repetibilidade observada pelo mesmo examinador foi avaliada usando o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Resultados: foram analisados (característica de operação do receptor/capacidade vital lenta=20ml/Kg), foi encontrado o valor de 21 em teste de contagem em uma única respiração com uma sensibilidade de 94,44% e especificidade de 76,62% (área abaixo da curva=0,93, p<0,005). O valor do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para o teste de contagem foi 0,976 com p>0,005. Conclusão: o teste de contagem em uma única respiração foi uma técnica válida, repetitiva e pode ser uma importante opção de rastreamento para avaliação da função pulmonar na ausência de equipamentos específicos. Essa técnica abre perspectivas no que se refere à substituição da medição da capacidade vital lenta em hospitais que não possuem equipamento espirométrico ou em pacientes que apresentam uma doença contagiosa com risco de contaminação e propagação de doença de um paciente para outro.

Scapular dyskinesis was not associated with pain and function in male adolescent athletes / Discinese escapular não está associada à dor e função no ombro dos adolescentes atletas

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Scapular dyskinesis has been associated to shoulder injuries and pain. However, this relationship with adolescent athletes is not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate scapular dyskinesis in young athletes and its association with pain or shoulder function. METHODS: 178 male adolescent athletes (14.58±2.16 years) were evaluated. The subjects completed the Quick Disability Arm Shoulder Hand questionnaire. Body mass, height, shoulder internal rotation and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability test were measured. A dynamic visual method was applied to assess dyskinesis. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between dyskinesis and other variables. The comparison between groups with and without dyskinesis was made by the Mann-Whitney andt-test, accepting a statistical significance of p<0.05. RESULTS: The dyskinesis prevalence was 56.7% and this condition was not associated with shoulder pain. Younger athletes are 159% more likely to have dyskinesis, while those who practice more than one hour a day for three times a week are 77% more likely to have the same outcome. No difference in shoulder function was found. CONCLUSION: Scapular dyskinesis is not associated with pain and does not affect shoulder function in adolescent athletes. Sports modality, age and training volume seem to induce changes in scapula movement.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A discinese escapular tem sido associada a lesões e dor no ombro, no entanto essa relação em adolescentes atletas ainda não é bem definida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de discinese escapular em adolescentes atletas amadores e sua associação com a dor e medidas de função no ombro. MÉTODOS: 178 adolescentes do sexo masculino (14,58±2,16 anos) participaram do estudo. Os sujeitos responderam ao questionário Quick Disability Arm Shoulder Hand. Também foram avaliados massa corporal, estatura, rotação interna do ombro e Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability. Para avaliação da discinese escapular, utilizou-se o método visual dinâmico. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada para analisar a associação entre discinese e as demais variáveis. A comparação entre os grupos com e sem discinese foi feita pelo teste te Mann-Whitney, sendo aceito significância estatística quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de discinese foi de 56,7% e essa condição não teve associação com dor no ombro. Atletas mais jovens têm 159% mais chances de apresentar discinese, enquanto aqueles que treinam mais de uma hora por dia, durante três vezes por semana, têm 77% mais chances de ter o mesmo desfecho. Nenhuma diferença na função do ombro foi encontrada. CONCLUSÃO: A discinese escapular não está associada à dor e não altera medidas de função no ombro em adolescentes atletas. Modalidade, idade e volume de treinamento parecem induzir mudanças na movimentação escapular.

Avaliação dos cursos de Fisioterapia nos anos de 2004 a 2013 / Evaluación de los cursos de fisioterapia de 2004 a 2013 / Evaluation of physical therapy courses from 2004 to 2013

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho dos cursos de fisioterapia no país quanto aos conceitos obtidos no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), no período de 2004 a 2013, verificando o rendimento dos cursos entre as instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas e a relação das pontuações do exame com o Conceito Preliminar de Curso (CPC). Estudo quantitativo transversal de base documental, realizado com amostra de 103 cursos de fisioterapia que participaram das avaliações do Enade realizadas de 2004 a 2013. A análise constou da avaliação dos conceitos Enade e do CPC por classificações de desempenho ao longo dos anos. Observou-se avanço dos conceitos Enade e CPC na amostra (valor de p<0,05). O percentual de cursos com resultados insuficientes no Exame regrediu de 26,2%, em 2004, para 17,5%, em 2013, e 38,8% das IES obtiveram conceitos superiores ao critério mínimo em 2013, em 2004 esse percentual correspondia a 21,4%. Em todas as edições do Exame as IES públicas apresentaram melhor desempenho do que as instituições privadas. Houve avanço dos cursos de Fisioterapia no Enade e no CPC para o período investigado, com melhor desempenho das instituições públicas em relação às privadas. Porém, a permanência de elevada proporção de resultados insuficientes ou que apenas alcançam o critério mínimo alerta para a importância da discussão da qualidade da formação do bacharel em Fisioterapia no país.

RESUMEN Este estudio objetivó evaluar el rendimiento de los cursos de fisioterapia en el país en cuanto a los conceptos obtenidos en el Examen Nacional de Rendimiento los Estudiantes (Enade), de 2004 a 2013, verificándose el rendimiento de los cursos entre las instituciones de educación superior públicas y privadas, y la relación de las puntuaciones del examen con el Concepto Preliminar de Curso (CPC). Estudio cuantitativo transversal de base documental, realizado con muestra de 103 cursos de fisioterapia que participaron de las evaluaciones del Enade realizadas de 2004 a 2013. El análisis consistió de la evaluación de los conceptos Enade y del CPC por clasificaciones de rendimiento a lo largo de los años. Se observó avance de los conceptos Enade y CPC en la muestra (valor de p<0.05). El porcentaje de cursos con resultados insuficientes en el examen descendió del 26.2%, en 2004, para 17.5%, en 2013, y el 38.8% de las IES obtuvieron conceptos superiores al criterio mínimo en 2013, en 2004 ese porcentaje correspondía a 21.4%. En todas las ediciones del examen las IES públicas presentaron mejor rendimiento que las instituciones privadas. Hubo avance de los cursos de Fisioterapia en el Enade y en el CPC para el período investigado, con mejor rendimiento de las instituciones públicas con relación a las privadas. Sin embargo, la permanencia de elevada proporción de resultados insuficientes o que apenas alcanzan el criterio mínimo alerta para la importancia de la discusión de la calidad de la formación del licenciado en Fisioterapia en el país.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Brazilian physical therapy courses regarding the concepts obtained in the National Exam for the Assessment of Student Performance (ENADE) from 2004 to 2013, checking it in courses at public and private educational institutions, and the correlation between ENADE score and Course Preliminary Concept (CPC). Cross-sectional quantitative study of documentary basis, conducted with a sample of 103 physical therapy courses that participated in the ENADE assessments conducted from 2004 to 2013. The analysis consisted in evaluating ENADE and CPC concepts, considering their performance ratings over the years. There was an improvement in the ENADE and CPC concepts in the sample (p<0.05). The percentage of courses with insufficient results in ENADE decreased from 26.2% in 2004 to 17.5% in 2013, and 38.8% of the educational institutions obtained concepts above the minimum criterion in 2013, while in 2004 this percentage corresponded to 21.4 %. In all ENADE editions, public educational institutions presented better performance than private ones. There was an advance in the ENADE and CPC of physical therapy courses during the investigated period, with a better performance of public institutions compared with private. However, the persistence of high proportion of poor results or that only complied the minimum criterion highlights the importance of the discussion about the training quality of physical therapy bachelor in the country.

Diferentes ordens dos exercícios durante o método circuito não alteram as respostas hemodinâmicas / Different orders of exercises during the circuit method does not alter the hemodynamic responses

Introdução: O efeito da ordem dos exercícios no Treinamento Circuito (TC) sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas é inconclusivo. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes ordens de execução nas respostas hemodinâmicas agudas no TC. Métodos: Onze homens foram recrutados. As sessões de treinamento foram compostas pela seguinte sequência: Sequência A: multiarticulares/monoarticulares; Sequência B: monoarticulares/multiarticulares, realizados a 60% de 1-RM com intervalo de um minuto. Ambos circuitos foram compostos por três passagens com oito estações. Os desfechos foram: pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD), frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP). Para comparações utilizou-se ANOVA two-way medidas repetidas considerando p<0.05. Resultados: Os valores da FC foram significativamente mais altos durante e após o exercício em comparação ao momento pré (p<0,001), aumento do DP (p< 0,001) e diminuição da PAS (p<0,001) após os treinos, independente da ordem dos exercícios. Conclusão: O método de TC é eficiente em promover o efeito hipotensor pós-exercício independente da ordem de execução.

Introduction: The effect of Circuit Training (CT) order's on hemodynamics variables is inconclusive. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different orders of execution in acute hemodynamic responses in the CT. Methods: Eleven men were recruited. Training sessions were composed by the following sequence: sequence A: multi-joint/single-joint; Sequence B: single-joint/multi-joint, performed at 60% of 1-MR with one minute interval. Both circuits were composed of three passes with eight stations. The outcomes were: systolic blood pressure (BPS), diastolic (DPS), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP). For comparisons was used twoway ANOVA repeated measures considering p<0.05. Results: HR values were significantly higher during and after exercise compared to baseline, increase of DP (p< 0,001) and decrease of BPS (p<0,001) after practice, regardless of the order of exercise execution. Conclusion: The CT method is efficient in promoting the hypotensive effect post-exercise regardless of the order of execution.

SLEEP QUALITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES. / QUALIDADE DE SONO E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM SINTOMAS PSICOLÓGICOS EM ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its association with personal characteristics and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in amateur adolescent athletes. METHODS: 309 adolescent athletes aged between 10 and 19 years were enrolled. Data collection included: a structured questionnaire, with personal information; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results are described in mean and standard deviation (numeric variables) and absolute and relative frequencies (categorical variables). For the inferential analysis, Student's t-test and chi-square test were performed, in addition to Poisson regression. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated in a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 14.1±2.1, being 13.8±2.0 and 15.0±2.1, respectively, for those with good and poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was recorded in 28.2% (n=87), depression in 26.9% (n=83) and anxiety/stress in 40.1% (n=124). Poor sleep quality was associated with ages between 15 and 19 years (PR 1.24; 95%CI 1.14-1.37), overweight (PR 1.12; 95%CI 1.01-1.24) and psychological symptoms of depression (PR 1.23; 95%CI 1.08-1.40) and anxiety/stress (PR 1.16; 95%CI 1.04-1.28). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of overweight and psychological symptoms and the age over 15 years were risk factors for increasing the likelihood of poor sleep quality in adolescent athletes.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de má qualidade de sono e sua associação com características pessoais e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adolescentes atletas amadores. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 309 adolescentes atletas, entre 10 e 19 anos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: questionário estruturado, contendo informações pessoais; Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI); e Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress de 21 itens (EADS-21). Na análise descritiva foram calculados a média e o desvio padrão das variáveis numéricas e as frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis categóricas. Para a análise inferencial foram realizados teste t de Student e teste do qui-quadrado, além de regressão de Poisson, sendo calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) em um intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 14,1±2,1, sendo 13,8±2,0 para o grupo de adolescentes com boa qualidade do sono e 15,0±2,1 para o grupo com má qualidade do sono. A má qualidade do sono foi registrada em 28,2% (n=87), a depressão, em 26,9% (n=83) e a ansiedade/estresse, em 40,1% (n=124) da amostra. A má qualidade do sono se associou à faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos (RP 1,24; IC95% 1,14-1,37), a adolescentes com sobrepeso (RP 1,12; IC95% 1,01-1,24) e com sintomas de depressão (RP 1,23; IC95% 1,08-1,40) e de ansiedade/estresse (RP 1,16; IC95% 1,04-1,28). CONCLUSÕES: A presença de sobrepeso e sintomas psicológicos, bem como a idade superior a 15 anos, se mostraram fatores de risco para aumentar a chance da má qualidade do sono em adolescentes atletas.